Antarctica Wildlife: Falklands, South Georgia and the Antarctic Peninsula

The Falkland Islands have a chilly climate characterised by strong winds, particularly in the spring (Sep-Oct). Rain falls on approximately 180 days per year, but totals are small. The islands are at their warmest in Jan, the mid-point of the southern summer, but temperatures (averaging 10°C) don’t vary much throughout the year. A little-known fact is that the islands are bathed in the same number of sunshine hours as southern England. Visitors benefit from long hours of daylight Oct-Mar, when migratory birds and mammals arrive. November is the breeding time for penguins.

For more detailed information visit our When To Go section.

The official language of the Falkland Islands is English.

The official currency of the Falkland Islands is the Falkland Islands pound. This is equal to one pound sterling, with notes and coins being similar to those in the UK, varying only in their design. There are generally no currency restrictions. British currency is accepted or exchange UK sterling for Falkland Islands currency at the bank in Port Stanley. There is no charge for exchanging sterling for Falkland Islands currency or vice versa. There are no ATMs on the island nor is it possible to exchange South American currencies, but credit cards are widely accepted and you can get a cash advance on cards at the bank. A departure tax of £25 is payable in cash by all passengers on flights departing Port Stanley to South America.

The time difference between the UK & the Falkland Islands is GMT -3 hours; this is actually daylight saving time. The accurate time is GMT -4 hours, observed all year round since 2011.

Holders of a full British passport do not require a visa, although passports must be valid for at least 6 months after the trip begins. Anyone with a different nationality should enquire with us or check with the relevant consulate. If flying to the US, or via the US you will need to fill in your online ESTA application.

Please check Travel Health Pro for information on health recommendations and vaccinations for the destinations you are visiting. Please note that many Latin American countries require proof of vaccination against Yellow Fever if you have recently travelled to another country where Yellow Fever is present.

Chile combines well with the Falkland Islands, accessing the country by air at Punta Arenas, gateway to Patagonia and Torres del Paine National Park; Antarctica also pairs well as many cruises drop anchor at the Falklands.

Bank holidays. UK bank holidays are observed, with the exception of Easter Monday and the bank holidays in May and Aug.

Liberation Day, 14 Jun. Church services and military parades commemorating the 1982 war.

Falklands Day, 14 Aug. Commemorates the first recorded sighting of the islands by English sea captain John Davis on the ship ‘Desire’.

It depends on what you want to see. December and January bring the warmest temperatures, longest days and peak penguin chick activity. February and March are best for whale watching, with humpback and killer whales gathering in large numbers. October and November appeal to photographers, with pristine snow cover and penguin courtship displays. There’s no single ‘best’ time – each period has a distinct character.

The vast majority of Antarctic cruises begin in Ushuaia, located at the southern tip of Argentina. This makes exploring the rest of Argentina perfect for anyone wanting to extend their trip of a lifetime, with Buenos Aires, Salta, Mendoza, Iguazu Falls, the Valdez Peninsula and Patagonia, just some of the fantastic options. The fly-in cruises begin in Chile, making them easy to combine with a trip to Santiago, the Atacama Desert, the Lake District, Torres del Paine and even mystical Easter Island. Many other options throughout Latin America are available however, so just get in touch to discuss which one is right for you. Within an Antarctic cruise itinerary there are options to include the Falkland Islands and South Georgia, both magical wildlife experiences in their own right.

There are no direct flights from the UK to Antarctica. Most visitors take a cruise from Ushuaia, a port on the island of Tierra del Fuego at the southern tip of Argentina, via a flight from Buenos Aires. There are also fly-cruises from Punta Arenas in Patagonian Chile, which require a stop in the capital Santiago.

There is very little infrastructure in Antarctica, with only small groups of scientists and researchers braving the cold for more than a few weeks at a time. There are no roads, houses, hotels or restaurants and while there are occasional temporary camps that tourists can fly to, these tend to be extremely expensive and don’t offer the variety of wildlife or scenery that expedition cruises provide.

The waters around the Antarctic Peninsula tend to be very calm and stable, so once you have made it to the outlying islands of the South Shetlands, seasickness is generally not an issue. However, most voyages depart from Ushuaia in Argentina and head south across the infamous Drake Passage to reach the White Continent. The Drake marks the convergence zone between the Atlantic, Pacific and Southern oceans and the differing currents and water temperatures combine to form one of the choppiest stretches of water in the world. Many people see the Drake as a rite of passage that must be crossed in order to truly say you have been to Antarctica. And modern technology is making the journey far easier than it ever has been before. Clever bow designs and retractable stabilizers allow some vessels to ease the severity of the stirring, while more efficient engines have cut the crossing time to as little as 1.5 days on the fastest liners. But, for those still keen to avoid it, there are options. Several operators have fly-in itineraries that hop over the Drake by air between southern Chile and King George Island, from where more settled waters carry you towards the mainland. Other routes travel via the Falklands and/or South Georgia, which avoids the convergence zone and approaches the peninsula from calmer water to the east, meaning they only cross the Drake once, on the way back to Argentina. If you are concerned about seasickness, speak to our team to discuss the best solution to suit you.

To get the best out of your visit you should have a reasonable level of mobility and be able to hike over uneven ground and thick snow for up to 10 minutes. However, passengers are normally given three walk difficulty options per landing, offering varying degrees of exertion, and as long as you are able to climb in and out of a Zodiac (inflatable raft), you will still be able to experience some of the wonders that Antarctica has to offer. Wildlife, such as penguins and seals, tend to gather near the water’s edge, meaning you rarely need to walk far (if at all) to be amongst the action. Zodiac cruises can also give you close-up encounters without even needing to make landfall.

Antarctic expedition cruises span a huge range of prices that can vary based on the chosen ship, cabin, itinerary, departure date and time of booking. Due to the costs involved with maintenance, supply chains, fuel and port fees, in one of the most remote places on Earth, along with the need to avoid turning Antarctica into a mass tourism destination, none of the options will be “cheap”, however their value for money is rarely (if ever) questioned by those who have been. Whatever your budget, if you dream of going to Antarctica, get in touch with our team and we can help to ensure you have access to the best options and prices, including offers that will not be advertised on our website.

All of our Antarctic cruises are categorised as “expeditionary” in nature. This term denotes that the objective of the cruise is to give you the best possible chances of seeing the scenery and wildlife that makes the region so special. If, for example, a pod of whales appears next to the ship in the middle of the night, there is a good chance that a call will go out over the tannoy system so that those who want to, can make their way out on deck to get a glimpse and take a photo. It also means that the itinerary is never fixed. If you are due to make a landing on one island, but the spotters have seen something of interest on the neighbouring island, the crew will do what they can to get approval to land there instead. Equally, weather will often play a role in shaping your exact course. Also, while “regular” cruise passengers may be used to cabaret shows or other similar entertainment in the evenings, expedition cruises tend to have lectures or documentary screenings, with parties generally restricted to the final night.

Expedition cruise operators will often open bookings around 18 months prior to the start of each Antarctic season. Booking as early as possible gives you access to the best flight prices, your preferred ship and cabin, and ensures availability in other locations you may wish to add to your holiday, such as Patagonia, which can sell out fast. There are also likely to be a range of early booking offers available for most ships, cabin types, itineraries and departure dates. These offers are increasingly becoming the best available at any point throughout the booking period. Occasionally operators will release a flash sale which can look like a better deal, but often these arrive late, when flight prices are high, and can come with many restrictions that involve making some form of compromise.

As with all tourist destinations, the issue of where is better to go between the Arctic and Antarctic depends much on the person going there. The Arctic has highlights like Inuit cultures, polar bears and walruses, with relatively low flight and cruise prices compared to its southern counterpart, but Antarctica is more pristine, with more epic icescapes and is of course home to penguins. Both also have various species of seals, whales and birds, and a rich history of exploration. In the polar bear versus penguin debate, it is important to remember that Antarctic fauna poses no threat to humans, so visitors are able to get much closer to the wildlife than those travelling north where there are much stricter limits in place on where visitors may roam.

Wildlife sightings are virtually guaranteed. On the Antarctic Peninsula, you’ll encounter gentoo, Adélie and chinstrap penguin colonies, along with leopard seals, Weddell seals, crabeater seals and a rich variety of seabirds. Humpback and minke whales are common from December onwards. Extended voyages to South Georgia add king penguin colonies and elephant seals, while the Falkland Islands are home to five penguin species and black-browed albatrosses.

While the Antarctic Peninsula has gigantic glaciers and enormous icebergs calved by nature into ornate and inspiring shapes, its extraordinary wildlife offering is actually upstaged for many, by the more northerly islands of the Falklands and South Georgia. The Falklands, along with fascinating war history, give visitors the slightly odd opportunity to witness penguins waddling across a lush green meadow, or elephant seals battling on a beautiful white sand beach. It almost never snows here, so while the winds can be just as bracing as in Antarctica, its scenery is very different and there are three penguin species here that you won’t find on the peninsula. South Georgia, located further to the south and east, has landscapes more in keeping with Antarctica, but its wildlife quantities are seen almost nowhere else on Earth. Anyone interested in spotting king penguins should make this a priority, as almost half a million pairs make this island their home.

The aurora (more commonly known as the northern or southern lights) are a phenomenon caused by solar winds hitting the Earth’s magnetosphere and are most frequently seen around the Arctic and Antarctic circles. While solar winds travel towards us all year round, in order to see their effects, there must be almost complete darkness. During much of the Antarctic cruise season, owing to the region’s southerly latitudes, there is close to 24-hour daylight throughout, making it rare for visitors to see the lights. However, those travelling in October or March stand the best chance.

In many ways Antarctica is perfect for solo travellers. Some operators offer single cabins, some offer willing shares (meaning solo passengers will be paired with another solo passenger of the same gender and not have to pay a single supplement), and some charge low supplements for those wanting a twin/double cabin for solo use. Onboard, you are likely to find a number of other like-minded solo travellers, and dining tables on most ships are deliberately large, encouraging people to interact with strangers and expedition team members. Whether it’s the Drake Passage, the scenery or the wildlife, there is always an exciting topic with which to break the ice!

Journey Latin America has been selling expedition cruises to Antarctica since the early days of tourism in the region. Our partners are tried and tested and have been carefully chosen to give us a comprehensive range of prices, itineraries, capacities, excursions and levels of luxury. You can see an overview of our selection here: Antarctica Compare Ships – Journey Latin America, but our Travel Experts are on hand to give you detailed and impartial advice to find the options best suited to your budget and requirements.

Although travelling to Antarctica will be seen by many as a great excuse to escape the online world and truly tune in to the nature and beauty of this untouched wilderness, for those needing to stay connected there are now several vessels that offer Wi-Fi connectivity. The quality of the connection cannot be guaranteed but is generally improving as technology evolves. Some operators may charge, while others will include it in the cabin rate. If Wi-Fi is important to you, please let us know when enquiring so that we can match you to a suitable vessel.

Most of our expedition cruise operators will include a warm windproof jacket, which you collect onboard and can often take home afterwards. Most will also have waterproof rubber boots for guests to borrow during landings and Zodiac cruises. Temperatures in the Antarctic summer can feel surprisingly warm, especially when walking, so layers are key. Onboard the ship, most passengers choose comfort over style. On the vast majority of vessels there is no dress code at all, but although it is not mandatory, we recommend taking a relatively smart outfit for one or two evening events. Silversea operate a fairly strict dress code, so passengers travelling with them should check their documents for details.

On board your cruise ship you can usually use US dollars or Euros to pay for goods and services. The most popular credit cards are also commonly accepted. You may be lucky enough to visit the “Penguin Post Office” at Port Lockroy. To purchase postcards, stamps or souvenirs here, you can use US dollars, Euros or Sterling, but credit cards are not yet accepted. The Falkland Islands use their own version of the pound, but British pounds are equally valid currency. Many shops willingly accept US dollars or Euros, and most will allow you to pay with credit or debit cards as well.

Time zones can be complicated in Antarctica due to territorial claims and its position at the bottom of the globe. However, in practical terms, visitors need only know that most ships operate using Argentina’s time zone (UTC -3), as this is usually the point of embarkation. The Falkland Islands also use UTC -3, while South Georgia officially uses UTC-2.

As no country owns Antarctica, there are no visas required. To reach Antarctica via either Argentina or Chile, holders of a full British passport do not require a visa, although passports must be valid for at least 6 months after the trip begins. Anyone with a different nationality should enquire with us or check with the relevant consulate. If flying to the US, or via the US you will need to fill in your online ESTA application.

Please check Travel Health Pro for information on health recommendations and vaccinations for the destinations you are visiting. Please note that many Latin American countries require proof of vaccination against Yellow Fever if you have recently travelled to another country where Yellow Fever is present.